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German Shepherd Dog (德国牧羊犬AKC英文版)

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发表于 2006-8-6 02:07:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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German Shepherd Dog Breed Standard
Herding Group

General Appearance
The first impression of a good German Shepherd Dog is that of a strong, agile, well muscled animal, alert and full of life. It is well balanced, with harmonious development of the forequarter and hindquarter. The dog is longer than tall, deep-bodied, and presents an outline of smooth curves rather than angles. It looks substantial and not spindly, giving the impression, both at rest and in motion, of muscular fitness and nimbleness without any look of clumsiness or soft living. The ideal dog is stamped with a look of quality and nobility--difficult to define, but unmistakable when present. Secondary sex characteristics are strongly marked, and every animal gives a definite impression of masculinity or femininity, according to its sex.

Temperament
The breed has a distinct personality marked by direct and fearless, but not hostile, expression, self-confidence and a certain aloofness that does not lend itself to immediate and indiscriminate friendships. The dog must be approachable, quietly standing its ground and showing confidence and willingness to meet overtures without itself making them. It is poised, but when the occasion demands, eager and alert; both fit and willing to serve in its capacity as companion, watchdog, blind leader, herding dog, or guardian, whichever the circumstances may demand. The dog must not be timid, shrinking behind its master or handler; it should not be nervous, looking about or upward with anxious expression or showing nervous reactions, such as tucking of tail, to strange sounds or sights. Lack of confidence under any surroundings is not typical of good character. Any of the above deficiencies in character which indicate shyness must be penalized as very serious faults and any dog exhibiting pronounced indications of these must be excused from the ring. It must be possible for the judge to observe the teeth and to determine that both testicles are descended. Any dog that attempts to bite the judge must be disqualified. The ideal dog is a working animal with an incorruptible character combined with body and gait suitable for the arduous work that constitutes its primary purpose.

Size, Proportion, Substance
The desired height for males at the top of the highest point of the shoulder blade is 24 to 26 inches; and for bitches, 22 to 24 inches.

The German Shepherd Dog is longer than tall, with the most desirable proportion as 10 to 8½. The length is measured from the point of the prosternum or breastbone to the rear edge of the pelvis, the ischial tuberosity. The desirable long proportion is not derived from a long back, but from overall length with relation to height, which is achieved by length of forequarter and length of withers and hindquarter, viewed from the side.

Head
The head is noble, cleanly chiseled, strong without coarseness, but above all not fine, and in proportion to the body. The head of the male is distinctly masculine, and that of the bitch distinctly feminine.

The expression keen, intelligent and composed. Eyes of medium size, almond shaped, set a little obliquely and not protruding. The color is as dark as possible. Ears are moderately pointed, in proportion to the skull, open toward the front, and carried erect when at attention, the ideal carriage being one in which the center lines of the ears, viewed from the front, are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground. A dog with cropped or hanging ears must be disqualified.

Seen from the front the forehead is only moderately arched, and the skull slopes into the long, wedge-shaped muzzle without abrupt stop. The muzzle is long and strong, and its topline is parallel to the topline of the skull. Nose black. A dog with a nose that is not predominantly black must be disqualified. The lips are firmly fitted. Jaws are strongly developed. Teeth --42 in number--20 upper and 22 lower--are strongly developed and meet in a scissors bite in which part of the inner surface of the upper incisors meet and engage part of the outer surface of the lower incisors. An overshot jaw or a level bite is undesirable. An undershot jaw is a disqualifying fault. Complete dentition is to be preferred. Any missing teeth other than first premolars is a serious fault.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is strong and muscular, clean-cut and relatively long, proportionate in size to the head and without loose folds of skin. When the dog is at attention or excited, the head is raised and the neck carried high; otherwise typical carriage of the head is forward rather than up and but little higher than the top of the shoulders, particularly in motion.

Topline-- The withers are higher than and sloping into the level back. The back is straight, very strongly developed without sag or roach, and relatively short.

The whole structure of the body gives an impression of depth and solidity without bulkiness.

Chest--Commencing at the prosternum, it is well filled and carried well down between the legs. It is deep and capacious, never shallow, with ample room for lungs and heart, carried well forward, with the prosternum showing ahead of the shoulder in profile. Ribs well sprung and long, neither barrel-shaped nor too flat, and carried down to a sternum which reaches to the elbows. Correct ribbing allows the elbows to move back freely when the dog is at a trot. Too round causes interference and throws the elbows out; too flat or short causes pinched elbows. Ribbing is carried well back so that the loin is relatively short. Abdomen firmly held and not paunchy. The bottom line is only moderately tucked up in the loin.

Loin Viewed from the top, broad and strong. Undue length between the last rib and the thigh, when viewed from the side, is undesirable. Croup long and gradually sloping.

Tail bushy, with the last vertebra extended at least to the hock joint. It is set smoothly into the croup and low rather than high. At rest, the tail hangs in a slight curve like a saber. A slight hook- sometimes carried to one side-is faulty only to the extent that it mars general appearance. When the dog is excited or in motion, the curve is accentuated and the tail raised, but it should never be curled forward beyond a vertical line. Tails too short, or with clumpy ends due to ankylosis, are serious faults. A dog with a docked tail must be disqualified.

Forequarters
The shoulder blades are long and obliquely angled, laid on flat and not placed forward. The upper arm joins the shoulder blade at about a right angle. Both the upper arm and the shoulder blade are well muscled. The forelegs, viewed from all sides, are straight and the bone oval rather than round. The pasterns are strong and springy and angulated at approximately a 25-degree angle from the vertical. Dewclaws on the forelegs may be removed, but are normally left on.
The feet are short, compact with toes well arched, pads thick and firm, nails short and dark.

Hindquarters
The whole assembly of the thigh, viewed from the side, is broad, with both upper and lower thigh well muscled, forming as nearly as possible a right angle. The upper thigh bone parallels the shoulder blade while the lower thigh bone parallels the upper arm. The metatarsus (the unit between the hock joint and the foot) is short, strong and tightly articulated. The dewclaws, if any, should be removed from the hind legs. Feet as in front.

Coat
The ideal dog has a double coat of medium length. The outer coat should be as dense as possible, hair straight, harsh and lying close to the body. A slightly wavy outer coat, often of wiry texture, is permissible. The head, including the inner ear and foreface, and the legs and paws are covered with short hair, and the neck with longer and thicker hair. The rear of the forelegs and hind legs has somewhat longer hair extending to the pastern and hock, respectively. Faults in coat include soft, silky, too long outer coat, woolly, curly, and open coat.

Color

The German Shepherd Dog varies in color, and most colors are permissible. Strong rich colors are preferred. Pale, washed-out colors and blues or livers are serious faults. A white dog must be disqualified.

Gait
A German Shepherd Dog is a trotting dog, and its structure has been developed to meet the requirements of its work. General Impression-- The gait is outreaching, elastic, seemingly without effort, smooth and rhythmic, covering the maximum amount of ground with the minimum number of steps. At a walk it covers a great deal of ground, with long stride of both hind legs and forelegs. At a trot the dog covers still more ground with even longer stride, and moves powerfully but easily, with coordination and balance so that the gait appears to be the steady motion of a well-lubricated machine. The feet travel close to the ground on both forward reach and backward push. In order to achieve ideal movement of this kind, there must be good muscular development and ligamentation. The hindquarters deliver, through the back, a powerful forward thrust which slightly lifts the whole animal and drives the body forward. Reaching far under, and passing the imprint left by the front foot, the hind foot takes hold of the ground; then hock, stifle and upper thigh come into play and sweep back, the stroke of the hind leg finishing with the foot still close to the ground in a smooth follow-through. The overreach of the hindquarter usually necessitates one hind foot passing outside and the other hind foot passing inside the track of the forefeet, and such action is not faulty unless the locomotion is crabwise with the dog's body sideways out of the normal straight line.

Transmission The typical smooth, flowing gait is maintained with great strength and firmness of back. The whole effort of the hindquarter is transmitted to the forequarter through the loin, back and withers. At full trot, the back must remain firm and level without sway, roll, whip or roach. Unlevel topline with withers lower than the hip is a fault. To compensate for the forward motion imparted by the hindquarters, the shoulder should open to its full extent. The forelegs should reach out close to the ground in a long stride in harmony with that of the hindquarters. The dog does not track on widely separated parallel lines, but brings the feet inward toward the middle line of the body when trotting, in order to maintain balance. The feet track closely but do not strike or cross over. Viewed from the front, the front legs function from the shoulder joint to the pad in a straight line. Viewed from the rear, the hind legs function from the hip joint to the pad in a straight line. Faults of gait, whether from front, rear or side, are to be considered very serious faults.

Disqualifications
Cropped or hanging ears.
Dogs with noses not predominantly black.
Undershot jaw.
Docked tail.
White dogs.
Any dog that attempts to bite the judge.

Approved February 11, 1978
Reformatted July 11, 1994
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-6 02:07:48 | 显示全部楼层

German Shepherd Dog (德国牧羊犬AKC英文版)

发表于 2006-8-8 14:19:10 | 显示全部楼层

顶了。

就不能帮忙翻译下吗?
:Smilies10
发表于 2006-8-12 13:23:02 | 显示全部楼层
@#$%^&*()_+@#$%^&*()
发表于 2006-8-22 10:11:51 | 显示全部楼层

[注意] 求医问药者必读(请管理员将此贴置顶) ZT

长期以来,很多的养犬爱好者因为在饲养过程中出现的疾病而头痛不已,在各个论坛里,我们也经常会见到许多人求救贴。但在我看来,这些帖子绝大多数都只能体现出犬主人的基本常识的缺乏,而对犬的疾病却是于事无补,因此我今天发这篇文章,借以提醒那些在疾病面前素手无措的朋友们!
    以下是需要注意的几个方面:
第一:首先要说明的是,犬的饲养并不象很多人想象的那样复杂,而德国牧养犬也并非是那么弱不禁风的 犬种。作为犬主,你必须要做到一点,那就是平时的细心观察,自己的犬在日常生活里的每个细节 都做到了如指掌,只有这样,当你的爱犬生病的时候,你才可以清楚的表述你的犬的具体情况,从而让兽医能够寄由你的表述做出正确的诊断。记住,这是非常重要的!
第二:我看到很多人在求助的时候,往往一开口便是我的狗得了某某病,请问如何治疗等等。那么我可以告诉你,这样的求医是毫无结果的,理由很简单,试问,既然你自己都知道它生的什么病,那么你还求助什么呢?你把医生放在什么位置?假设你自己生病去医院的话,你也是这样对医生说,我得了某某病,需要怎么治,而不要医生检查了呢?如果这个世界上有什么药能包治什么病的话,那么我想地球上的医院就都可以关门了。要知道,任何疾病的治疗都不是一成不变的。而做为犬主,你需要做的是尽可能详细的阐述你的犬在生病前后的所有症状和详细情况,包括它的饮食、精神状况、体温、分泌物、排泄物、呕吐物等等。还要提供你的犬在正常时候的日常资料。而这些还是要建立在你平时的仔细观察中的。请问,这一点很难做到吗?
第三:我本人通过十多年的饲养经验,现在把一些基本的用药常识告诉大家,请留心!
      1.对于任何哺乳动物来说(包括了人和犬),发病时的病理都是基本相同的,而治疗手法也是十分类似的,所不同的只是药物的适应程度。也就是说,例如青霉素有人用和兽用的,但在治疗中切不可用那些所谓的兽用药物,因为兽用药实际上就是给人生产药物的过程中出现的不大合格或者是边角料的产品,其质量是令人担忧的,效果也差。
      2.在犬的治疗中,当药物和犬的疾病对症的时候要记住,如果是输液治疗的话,必须是一天输液两次。很多在宠物医院有过给犬治病经验的人都知道一个现象,那就是今天医生给犬输液了,犬的病症明显改善,但就是老不见康复,什么原因呢?那就是因为药物虽然使用正确,但药量不够所导致的,在这个过程里,医生往往会大量的使用血清蛋白。而实际上,只有极少的烈性传染病在犬自身很虚弱的情况下才需要使用血清,而大多数疾病是根本不需要的,血清本身也没有任何治疗作用,它仅仅是提供给犬一点微弱的抵抗力罢了,而在犬的疾病得不到控制之前,这点抵抗力是微不足道的,也是舍本逐末的做法。在药量控制上,大体是这样:两三个月龄的幼犬用量参照成年人的用量,而六个月以上的犬用药量通常是成年人的两倍!(驱虫药除外)
      3.在犬的疾病当中,无论病的大小,真正对犬的威胁是拖拖拉拉的治疗,而不是疾病!很多人不明白这样的一个道理,那就是,犬和人所不同的就是,犬生病拖延一天就相当于人生病拖延一周。犬 的疾病相对于人是恶化的很快的,因此,在你的犬出现病症的时候,千万不能大意,要立刻采取措 施,越早的治疗对犬的康复是至关重要的。那种虽然药物对症但却拖拖拉拉的治疗,对犬来说同样是危险的。切记!而真正当药物对症、药量充分的时候,犬的康复能力也是惊人的,通常仅仅两三天也就康复了,同样比人的时间短。
      4.你想知道你的犬一旦生病,你将花费多少吗?其实很简单,你可以自己到各自城市的药品批发市场去走访一下,包括最好的抗生素(例如头苞曲松钠)在内,它们的价格是多少?注射器和输液器是多少?输液水是多少?当你完全了解了这些药物的价格的时候,你会恍然大悟的发现,原来即使是自己的犬生了很重的病,但只要药物对症治疗,用最好的药也才不到两百块钱。而普通的疾病通常的药费仅仅二三十块罢了。你是否注意过,当你去宠物医院治疗的时候,你连医生用的什么药也无权过问,当然更说不清楚你的犬究竟得的什么病了。因此,自己掌握一些医药常识,对于犬的日常管理成本的降低是有好处的。

由于不断的有各地朋友因为自己的犬的疾病痛苦,我的电话也近似快成了热线电话了,所以有必要让大家能多了解一些这方面的常识,这也是我个人对于犬的疾病治疗方面想一吐为快的几个方面,说的不正确的地方请大家多多指正!
我本人并不是医生,也从未系统的学过医,我的知识全部来源于我自己看书和实践,我曾经治疗康复过的疾病有犬瘟热、细小病毒、急性肠胃炎和肺炎等等,但我并非什么神医。我自己也经常要向专门人士进行请教的,今天我仅仅是把自己的一点体会告诉大家,让大家在喂养德国牧羊犬的时候少一些痛苦,多一点欢乐!还是那句话,其实这些都很简单,只要你平时注意观察你的犬,真正的爱它。

最后,请管理员将此贴置顶!谢谢!!
发表于 2006-8-22 10:12:28 | 显示全部楼层
转帖] 全转过来方便大家看 呵呵~~~~~~~~~
常见备用药物表
犬类常见备用药物表
药名                                  适应症                                      用法
氨苯磺胺 : 各种感染创,中耳炎 粉剂撤布于创面

磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM 2) :肺炎,出血性败血症,肠炎菌痢,子宫内膜炎,球虫病 50mg/kg(首次)内服或静注

复方新诺明 :咽喉炎,肺炎,肺脓肿,痢疾,子宫炎等 30mg/kg,1次/日,15mg/kg,2次/日,口服或肌注射

呋喃唑酮: 肠道感染,球虫病,贾弟虫病等 4——6mg/kg,2次/日,口服,连用3—5日

呋喃妥因 :尿路消毒,泌尿道感染,肾盂炎,膀肮炎,尿道炎,子宫炎及**炎 4mg/kg,3次/日口服

青霉素G钠: 各种呼吸道感染,子宫炎,各种败血症,菌血症等,钩端螺旋体病 2—4万单位/kg,2次/日肌注或静注

氨节青霉素 :抗菌范围较广,对革兰氏阳性菌及阴性菌均有较强的抗菌作用,适应症同青霉素G 钠 5——10mg/kg,2次/日肌注或静注

苄星青霉素: 长效抗菌 4万/kg,1次/5日,肌注

硫酸链霉素 :结核病,布氏杆菌病,呼吸道感染,尿路感染,巴氏杆菌,乳房炎,子宫炎,败血症,大肠杆菌性肠炎 25——40mg/kg,2次/日,肌注;1g/次,3次/日,口服

硫酸庆大霉素 :各种绿脓杆菌感染,败血症,肺炎,脑膜炎,肠炎及泌尿道感染 42ng/kg,肌注或皮下注射,2次/日;2—4mg/kg,口服,3次/日

卡那霉素 :同链霉素用于葡萄球菌感染,消化道感染,呼吸道感染,泌尿道感染,败血症等 5—10g/kg,2次/日,肌注

氯霉素 :对革兰氏阳性、阴性菌均有抑制作用,对部分衣原体及一些大型病毒也有效,主用于痢疾,脑膜炎及其它感染 lO——35mg/kg,2次/日,肌注

土霉素: 胃肠道感染,尿路感染,呼吸道感染和皮肤感染 20——35mg/kg,3次/日口服,6mg/kg,肌注

四环素 :同土霉素 20mg/kg,3次/日,口服7mg/kg,2次/日,肌注,静注

红霉素 :同青霉素,主用于耐药葡萄球菌,及支原体肺炎,子宫炎 112mg/kg,2次/日,口服10mg/kg,2次/日,肌注

新霉素B: 消化道感染,呼吸道感染及其它抗菌素治疗无效的葡萄球菌感染 20mg/kg,3次/日,口服

林可霉素: 葡萄球菌,链球菌,肺炎球菌,厌氧菌等感染 15mg/kg,3次/日,口服10mg/kg,2次/日,肌注

头孢噻啶: 各种细菌性感染及败血症 10mg/kg,2—3次/日,肌注

制霉菌素: 胃肠道及局部皮肤粘膜的真菌性疾病 50万单位/日,分2—3次内服

两性霉素B :抗深在真菌,用于真菌性肺炎,脑炎,胃肠炎 O.25——O.5mg/kg,3次/周,静注

灰黄霉素: 真菌性皮肤病,癣 20mg/kg,连服2—3周,2次/日

甲硝唑片 :阿米巴病,肠滴虫病,贾弟虫病,厌氧菌感染,子宫炎等 25—5mg/kg,2—3次/日,口服,连用3—5日

陈皮酊 :芳香性健胃药,用于消化不良,积食气胀,食欲不振等 5——lOml/次,口服

稀盐酸 :胃酸缺乏引起的消化不良,胃内发酵,食欲不振等 1—2ml/次,口服

胃蛋白酶 :仔犬过食及胃蛋白酶缺乏所致的消化不良 0.1——0.2g/次,口服,3次/日,食前服

胰酶 :消化不良,食欲不振,肝、胰疾病引起的消化障碍 0.3 lg/次,口服.3次/日,食前服   

乳酶生: 消化不良,肠瞄气,仔犬腹泻,便秘,肠炎 1—2g/次,口服,3次/日,不宜于抗菌药物,吸附剂同服

干酵母: 消化不良,维生素B缺乏症,腹泻,肠胀气等 0.5——4g/次,口服,3次/日

阿托品 :急性腹痛,急性微循环障碍,有机磷中毒,散瞳 11mg/kg,皮下肌注

胃复安 :镇吐,胃胀满,调节胃肠运动,胃酸过多 10——20mg/次,肌注,5一10mg/次、2—3次/日,口服

盐酸阿朴吗啡 :催吐 4mg/kg,口服 0.08mg/kg,皮注

液体石蜡 :便秘,润滑泻下 15——40ml.口服

次碳酸钮 :胃肠炎,下痢,收敛,止泻,保护粘膜 3——2.Og/次,口服

鞣酸蛋白 :胃肠炎,下痢,收敛 O.5——2.08/次,口服

矽炭银 :肠炎,胃肠异常发酵,中毒 0.3—28/次,口服

氧化镁乳 :便秘 10——15ml/次,口服

氯化铵 :气管炎,支气管炎,祛痰 100mg/kg,2次/日,口服

碘化钾 慢性支气管炎 1—2g/次,口服

咳必清 :干咳的呼吸道炎症 25—50mg/次,口服

川贝枇杷糖浆 :咳嗽 10——20ml/次,口服,2—3次/日

双氢克尿噻 :各类水肿及高血压,利尿 25—50mg/次,口服,1—2次/日

速尿 :肺水肿,全身水肿,脑水肿等 2—4mg/kg,l一2次/日,口服,静注,肌注,总量不超过40—50mg

硫喷妥钠: 中枢神经兴奋药中毒,破伤风,脑炎性惊质,麻醉 10一15mg/kg,静注

安定: 肌肉痉挛,癫痫,惊厥,过度兴奋症等 2.5——20mg,静注或口服,肌内注射

氯丙嗪 :呕吐,惊厥,癫痫,肌肉痉挛,麻醉,安神,抗休克 4mg/kg/日,口服镇吐2.2mg/kg,肌注麻醉

朴痫酮: 癫痫,痉挛 55mg/kg,1次/日,口服

复麻846针: 全身麻醉 O.6——1.5ml/次

普鲁卡因 :局部麻醉 0.5一1%溶液局部注射

安钠加 :全身衰弱,心力衰竭,有松弛平滑肌,利尿,兴奋中枢的作用 0.1——0.5g,肌注

尼可刹米 :呼吸衰竭,中枢性抑制,麻醉药中毒 7.8——31.2mg/kg,静注、肌注及皮下注射

肾上腺素 :急性循环衰竭,过敏性休克,突发性心肌停搏,抗休克 0.1——O.5ml,皮注静注

复方氨基比林: 高热不下,肌肉痛,关节痛,风湿痛,神经痛 30——100mg/次,肌注或口服

安乃近: 风湿病及发热性疾病 O.3——O.6g/次,皮注或肌注

消炎痛: 风湿性关节炎,类风湿性关节炎等 25——50mg/次,口服

风湿宁: 风湿性关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,四肢疼痛 2—4ml/次,肌注

黄瑞香:注射液 风湿病,神经痛,腰炎,肌肉损伤 2—4ml/次,肌注

地塞米松 :感染性和过敏性休克,严重的肾上腺皮质功能减退症,结缔组织病,支气管哮喘 0.25——1mg/kg,静注,肌注,1次/g

氢化可的松: 同地塞米松 0.5——2.0mg/kg,静注,肌注

强的松龙: 同地塞米松 0.5—2.0mg/kg,口服,1次/日

鱼肝油  :维生素A缺乏症,皮肤干燥,角膜软化,夜盲,被毛粗糙,性机能减退,佝偻病,软骨病 0.2mg/kg,1次/日,内服

维生素AD胶丸: 2.5—5万单位/次,1次/日,内服

乳酸钙: 防治佝偻病,软骨病 0.5—2.Og/次,1次/日,口服

复合维生素B :营养不良,消化障碍,厌食,糙皮病,口炎 1—2片/次,2次/日,口服 2—5ml/次,2次/日口服

维生素B2 :防治口角炎,舌炎,阴囊炎,结膜炎,脂溢性皮炎等 10—20mg/次,1—2次/日,口服

烟酰胺 :糙皮病,口腔溃疡,皮炎,舌炎 50——100mg/次,1—2次/日,口服

维生素C :防治坏血病及各种急慢性传染病的辅助治疗 50——100mg/次,l-2次/日,口服
维生素E :维持生殖器官神经系统和横纹肌的正常机能 500mg/日,口服

维生素B:12 营养不良,生长发育不良,贫血,神经炎,神经痛 0.025——0.1mg/次,1次/日,肌注   

硫酸亚铁: 缺铁性贫血 0.3——0.6g/次,1次/日,口服

安特诺新: 毛细血管损伤性出血,紫癜,出血性肠炎,血尿等 2.5——5mg/次,3次/日,口服5—10mg/次,2次/日,肌注

止血环酸: 消化道出血,渗血,外科手术出血及妇产科出血等 100——200mg/次,1—2次/日,静注或滴注

枸橼酸钠: 抗凝血 2.5—4%溶液,每100ml全血中加入10毫升

扑尔敏 :过敏性湿疹,搔痒,呼吸困难 1mg/kg,静注,皮注,2mg/kg,口服

葡萄糖氯化钠: 补液,调节电解质平衡 静注,腹腔注,用量及速度视情而定

复方氯化钠 :补充体液及钠、钾、氯离子 静注

碳酸氢钠 :纠正酸中毒 静注

生理盐水 :补充体液,冲洗粘膜 静注,腹腔注,口服,外用

雌二醇 :促进发情,胎衣不下,子宫炎 0.1——1.0mg,肌注

催产素 :催产,子宫炎,子宫蓄脓,催奶 2,5—30单位,肌注

解磷定 :有机磷药物中毒 40mg/kg,缓慢静注

二琉基丙醇(BAL) :砷、汞、铋、锑、铬、铅、酒石酸锑钾中毒 4mg/kg,1次/4小时,肌注

蛇药片 毒蛇,毒虫咬伤 8—10片/次,4次/日.口服或局部敷布

左旋咪唑: 蛔虫病,钩虫病,丝虫病 10mg/kg,一次口服

吡喹酮 :吸虫病,绦虫病,囊虫病 5——10mg/kg,一次口服

乙胺嗪 :防治犬心丝虫病 60——70mg/kg,口服,连用3—4,周

氨丙啉 :治球虫病 100——200mg/kg/日,混于饲料或水中连用7一10天

阿的平 :防治滴虫病。贾弟虫病 50—一100mg/kg,2次,/日。连用5—7天,日服

阿卡普林: 防治焦虫病 0.25mg/kg,皮下注射

咪唑苯脲 :防治焦虫病 5mg/kg.肌肉注射

贝尼尔 :防治焦虫病,锥虫病 11mg/kg,肌注,共2次,隔日1次

阿佛菌素 :丝虫病,鞭虫病,肾虫病,婢害,螨害 0.4mg/kg,皮下注射

晕海宁 :晕车,晕船 25——50mg/次,3次/日

来苏尔 :犬舍,用具,排泄物,皮肤等的消毒 5—10%水溶液喷洒或浸泡

福尔马林: 犬舍,用具,排泄物,周围环境的消毒 3-5%水溶液喷酒

酒精 :皮肤、器械消毒及创伤处理 70%水溶液涂擦或浸泡

碘酊 :刨伤处理,脐带消毒,感染性皮肤病的治疗 2-5%溶液涂擦
过氧化氢 :冲洗感染创 3%溶液冲洗

新洁尔灭 :皮肤消毒,产前消毒,擦洗乳房及阴部 0.5一l‰水溶液擦洗

高锰酸钾 :冲洗创伤、粘膜及** O.1—0.5%水溶液擦洗

庆大霉素:点眼液  角膜炎、结膜炎等眼部疾病 2—3滴/次,3-4次/日,滴入眼内
卡那霉素点眼液

氢化可的松点眼液: 眼部感染,角膜混浊等 2—3滴/次,3—4次/日

逐年唑滴眼液 :病毒性角膜炎,结膜炎及细菌性结膜炎 1—2滴/次,1—2次/小时

克霉唑软膏 :癣、真菌性皮肤病 2—3次/日,局部涂擦

去炎松一尿素软膏: 过敏性皮肤病,皮炎,湿疹,瘙痒。红斑狼疮,癣 2—3次/日,局部涂布

醋酸肤轻松软膏: 变应性皮肤病,盘状红斑狼疮,脂溢性皮炎 2—3次/日,局部徐布

硫磺软膏 :疥螨性皮肤病 2—3次/日,局部涂布

氰戍菊酯油 :蜱螨病 0.02—0.04%溶液喷洒

红霉素敦膏 :化脓性皮肤感染 局部涂布,一日数次

抗炎松软膏: 过敏性皮炎,接触性皮炎 局部涂布,一日数次

滴耳油 :耳炎,耳内异物 2一3滴/次,2—3次/日

以上就是一些最最常用的药品,具体的价格可以到当地的兽医防疫站问一下
发表于 2006-8-22 10:19:15 | 显示全部楼层
请教各位:怀孕后怎样治疗螨虫?
狗狗已交配20天了发现脸上掉几块毛,并且其中一处象是肿涨。请问这时怎样治疗好啊?
发表于 2006-8-22 10:22:28 | 显示全部楼层
外用涂擦
发表于 2006-8-22 10:23:21 | 显示全部楼层
但是用什么药好啊?

康王和皮癣
试一试


一个很好用的方法~!!中药~百部 土槿皮  樟脑  冰片 一起泡酒!~!擦患处!~或者是废机油!都很好用!~
发表于 2006-8-22 12:35:04 | 显示全部楼层
支持啊,顶上去
发表于 2006-8-22 12:51:46 | 显示全部楼层

谢谢楼上的同志哈,,,

犬的呕吐原因
.反射性:
(1)過份飲食
(2)胃黏膜受刺激:發酵性或刺激性食物或苛烈性藥物
(3)胃黏膜炎症:胃炎,胃潰瘍,胃寄生蟲,犬瘟熱
(4)異物或腫瘤使幽門部狹窄或閉塞
(5)腹膜受刺激:急性腹膜炎
(6)咽喉炎,咽部異位
2.中樞性:
(1)腦部延髓受損
(2)尿毒症
(3)黃膽病
(4)藥品刺激

症狀
嘔吐前有不安,噁心,吐氣,空嚥,流口水。
嘔吐時不太費力

嘔吐的種類
嘔吐噴出:
嘔吐為突然用力噴出,其成因可能為上消化道的部位,幽門部或十二指腸部位被異物、腫瘤、或是毛球塞住了,也有可能是腦內壓的增加,如腦炎、腦瘤或腦出血等引起嘔吐中樞的強烈反射,造成激烈嘔吐。

令外,小狗也可能因蛔蟲的刺激而嘔吐、有時因暈車、有時換牙或不明原因的過敏、緊張等都會引起小狗的嘔吐。
連續性嘔吐:在一段時間內連續嘔吐,而完後並無繼續嘔吐,吐出物可能為黃色泡沫的胃液或水樣液體。成因可能為吃了壞掉的食物、草或骨頭異物等,引起胃部的刺激而造成嘔吐。

間歇性的連續嘔吐:連續嘔吐了幾次,經過了一段時間後,又繼續再吐,和有無進食並沒有多大的關係,犬隻的精神、食慾和身體健康狀況都不好。

可能為內臟受損所造成。嚴重的糖尿病亦可能會造成。另外,幼犬的病毒性腸胃炎亦會造成間歇性的連續嘔吐。

吐糞:
吐出物聞起有糞便味,造成的原因可能是腸道阻塞。

吐血:
吐出物含有血液。若血液呈鮮紅色,可能為消化到的前段受損,如口腔、食道上段。若血液呈深咖啡色,可能為消化道中後段受損,如胃部或十二指腸。

若您的愛犬有此類症狀,請盡快向您的獸醫師求助。
发表于 2006-8-22 12:52:17 | 显示全部楼层
喂犬要求
A要用由正规厂家配制好的食物。
B不用变腐或已不新鲜的食物。
C保持有一碗清水。
D不用含高蛋白的猫食喂狗。
E狗食要放置在室温中,不要给它们吃刚刚从冰箱中取出的食物。
F未吃完的罐头食物已变潮的食物处理掉,不要怜惜这小钱,如果它吃了不新鲜的食物患病,就更糟糕了。
G每天晚上要把那些吃剩了的干食物扔掉,不要保存在狗的食盆里,这样容易勾引细菌和小虫。
L随时注意自己狗的体重,别让它过肥。
J不要用鸡骨之类锋利的骨头喂狗
K如果你的狗儿24小时都不吃东西,那显然是有病,要立即去请教兽医。
M同盆喂养:同一家庭的几只狗有的可能愿意同盆进食,但你还是最好分盆喂养。
N过度肥胖:如果你的狗儿过肥,你得增加它活动,少喂些食,也可请教兽医喂食热量低的减肥食物。为达到理想的重量,只需用标准热量的百分之六十的食物喂养。
发表于 2006-8-22 12:53:22 | 显示全部楼层
喂犬要求
A要用由正规厂家配制好的食物。
B不用变腐或已不新鲜的食物。
C保持有一碗清水。
D不用含高蛋白的猫食喂狗。
E狗食要放置在室温中,不要给它们吃刚刚从冰箱中取出的食物。
F未吃完的罐头食物已变潮的食物处理掉,不要怜惜这小钱,如果它吃了不新鲜的食物患病,就更糟糕了。
G每天晚上要把那些吃剩了的干食物扔掉,不要保存在狗的食盆里,这样容易勾引细菌和小虫。
L随时注意自己狗的体重,别让它过肥。
J不要用鸡骨之类锋利的骨头喂狗
K如果你的狗儿24小时都不吃东西,那显然是有病,要立即去请教兽医。
M同盆喂养:同一家庭的几只狗有的可能愿意同盆进食,但你还是最好分盆喂养。
N过度肥胖:如果你的狗儿过肥,你得增加它活动,少喂些食,也可请教兽医喂食热量低的减肥食物。为达到理想的重量,只需用标准热量的百分之六十的食物喂养。
发表于 2006-8-22 12:53:48 | 显示全部楼层
犬感冒与犬瘟的辨认诊断
犬的真感冒是上呼吸道粘膜炎症为主要特征的全身体症状。感冒一般多发于早春、晚秋和气候变化骤然的时候。病因多数是由于突然遭受冷刺激,如冬季遇贼风侵袭、寒冷季节露宿、被雨淋、给犬洗澡后没有及时将毛吹干等情况。

  犬患感冒的主要症状表现在:病犬精神沉郁,食欲减退或废绝,眼结膜潮红,眼睛羞明流泪。有咳嗽现象,鼻涕呈脓液状,呼吸加快,体温升高,恶寒战栗,如不及时治疗则有可能并发气管炎,支气管炎等其它疾病。还有就是流感,它是由病毒引起的,呈流行性发生。主要表现为发高热。除具有感冒症状外,常伴发结膜炎和肠。

  许多传染病的早期症状是和感冒的症状是很相像的。如犬温热的早期症状,细小病毒病的早期症症状等,在临床上一般以体温升高、打喷嚏、羞明流泪、流水样鼻液等症状为主。由于经验不足,部分主人容易将常见的几中严重传染病当感冒治疗,因此而造成误诊和错行治疗措施,引致犬死亡的严重的后果。

  假感冒一般在传染病的初期比较常见,实际上还有另外的特殊症状。当犬感染了犬温热病毒而发病时,体温一般是双向热,体温时高时低,大多数病犬有生眼屎的症状出现。而细小病毒的早期,则主要伴有呕吐、腹泻等主要症状,并且一般是先吐后泻。只要主人能够认真观察,还是可以进行分辨和判断的。

  犬感冒的症状与治疗

  [症状]精神沉郁、眼睛半闭,羞明流泪、结膜充血红肿,鼻腔流浆液性鼻液、打喷嚏、体温升高39度以上,呼吸快,有时有咳嗽。食欲减少。幼犬发病时,如没有做过免疫、抵抗力降低,易继法其它传染病。犬可继发其它传染病。

  单纯性感冒,如及时治疗,可很快治愈。如治疗不及时,幼犬可继发支气管肺炎。

  [治疗]解热、除去病因,防止继发感染。

  (1)柴胡注射液1-2毫升,肌肉注射,2次/日。

  (2)青霉素5万单位/千克体重,肌肉注射,2次/日。

  [预防] 加强饲养管理,防止寒冷刺激
发表于 2006-8-22 12:54:23 | 显示全部楼层
冠状病毒性肠炎诊断及治疗
症状;腹泻、精神沉郁、食欲减退、血便、脱水、呕吐、急死。
  

诊断
A呕吐。可持续数天,直至腹泻前才开始缓解。因呕吐而食欲减退或废绝。
B腹泻、血便。粪便由糊状、半糊状至水样,呈橙色或绿色,内含粘液和血液。幼犬则排黄或淡红色便,并多于24~36小时死亡。
C脱水。因呕、泻而脱水,体重减轻,脱水导致血液粘稠,Ht值升高。
D肠道内充满白色或黄绿色液体,肠粘膜充血,肠系膜淋巴结肿大。
E电镜检查。采集病犬新鲜腹泻粪便,离心取上清,负染后电镜观察可发现典型的冠状病毒。收集病料要早,7天后病毒含量减少。
F病毒分离鉴定。应用犬原代肾细胞、胸腺细胞分离冠状病毒,可观察到细胞病变。
治疗方法.;
A早期应用犬高免血清或球蛋白,具有较好的治疗效果。血清用量为1毫升/千克体重,球蛋白剂量为0.5毫升/千克体重。
B止呕。应用维生素B6、爱茂尔、胃复安、止吐灵、氯丙嗪、呕泻宁等止吐。
C止血。可应用安络血 (1~3毫克)、止血敏 (100~200毫克)及氨甲苯酸 (0.1~0.3克)进行止血。
D补液。应用乳酸林格氏液30~40毫升/千克体重,内加双黄连60毫克/千克体重 (或1毫升/千克体重)。病毒唑 (0.1~0.5克)、氨苄青霉素10~20毫克/千克体重。
E用肠粘膜保护剂,如次硝酸铋、氢氧化铝。
F止痛用阿托品或颠茄酊等。
G抗生素防继发感染。可应用硫酸新霉素1~3毫升/次,每天1次,连用3天,口服。
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